Slittyper och underhållsstrategier för nationella standardskenor
- Vilka är de vanliga slitstyperna av nationella standardskenor?
Rullande slitage är det vanligaste, genererat av rullande kontakt mellan hjul och skenor, bildar enhetligt slitage på järnvägsytan . Det årliga slitaget av vanliga järnvägar handlar om 0.3 - 0.5 mm, och det för att tunga railways kan nå 0.8 - 1.2 mm .}}}} rails. The wear of the outer rail head is 2 - 3 times more serious than that of the inner rail. Small - radius curves (R<=600m) are prone to such uneven wear. Fatigue wear is caused by alternating loads, with fatigue cracks on the rail head surface, which gradually expand into Spalling . tunga - dra järnvägar är benägna att detta efter 2 - 3 år av drift, med spallande djup upp till 1 - 3 mm . Corrosive wear är vanligt i fuktig eller saltlösning - Alkaline miljö slitage . sådant slitage i kustområden är 30% - 50% snabbare än i inlandsområden .
- Vilka faktorer kommer att förvärra slitage av nationella standardskenor?
The increase of train axle load is a key factor. When the axle load increases from 20t to 25t, the rail wear increases by 50% - 70% because the contact stress rises significantly with the increase of axle load. The increase of driving speed will increase the wheel - rail impact force. The rail wear of high - speed railways with a speed of 300km/h is 1.5 - 2 times that of ordinary railways with 120km/h, especially in turnout areas. Poor track smoothness will lead to poor wheel - rail contact and local stress concentration, increasing the wear rate by 40% - 60%. When the height deviation exceeds 3mm, wear is aggravated. Improper matching of wheel and rail materials, såsom hjulhårdhet är 10% högre än järnvägshårdhet, kommer att påskynda skenan med 20% - 30% . Hårdhetsskillnaden mellan dem bör kontrolleras inom 5% .}
- Hur upptäcker jag slitexamen av nationella standardskenor?
Regularly detect with rail wear measuring instruments, once every 3 months for ordinary railways and once a month for high - speed railways. Measure the rail head wear and side wear, compare with the standard value. When the wear exceeds 1/3 of the design margin, maintenance is required. Detect with a rail head profiler, generate a profile curve and compare with the original curve. If the area decreases by more than 10%, grinding measures must be taken to ensure good wheel - rail contact. Observe the rail surface state. If there are obvious spalling, cracks or fish - scale wear, it indicates that the wear is serious, and local replacement or grinding is required, which is more sensitive for heavy - haul railways. Monitor train Vibrationsdata . ökat slitage kommer att öka vibrationsaccelerationen med 15% - 20% . Bedöm indirekt järnvägslitage genom vibrationssensorer och ordna underhåll i tid .}
- Vilka är underhållsåtgärderna för olika slitstyper?
Rolling wear can be handled by periodic grinding. Use a profile grinder to grind the rail head to the standard profile. Grinding off 0.3 - 0.5mm can restore the wheel - rail contact state. Ordinary railways are ground once every 2 - 3 years. For sliding wear in curve sections, adjust the outer rail superelevation to make the wheel - rail contact point in the best position. At the same time, perform unilateral grinding on the outer rail with serious wear to reduce side wear. Curves with 600m radius are ground once every 1 - 2 years. For fatigue wear, surface cracks must be removed in time. Shallow cracks (<=0.5mm) can be eliminated by grinding. Deep cracks (＞0.5mm) require cutting off the damaged rail section and replacing with new rails to avoid crack expansion leading to fracture. For corrosive wear, strengthen rail anti - corrosion, regularly apply anti - rust paint. Kustområden kan använda anti -korrosionsbelagda skenor och förkorta slipcykeln för att ta bort rostlager.
- Vilka är skillnaderna i järnvägsslitningsgraden mellan olika järnvägstyper?
Heavy - haul railways have the fastest wear rate, with annual wear of 0.8 - 1.5mm. Due to large axle load and frequent loads, grinding is required every 1 - 2 years, and some rails in key sections are even replaced every year. High - speed railways have uniform but high wear rate, with annual wear of 0.5 - 0.8mm, mainly Rolling slitage . Förebyggande slipning utförs varje 2 - 3 år för att säkerställa smidighet . Vanliga järnvägar har en medium slithastighet, med årlig slitage är nödvändig är nödvändig: raka sektioner. every 2 years. Urban rail transit has "tread depression" wear due to frequent start - stop, with annual wear of 0.6 - 1.0mm. Grinding is required every 1.5 - 2 years, and train braking strategies are optimized to reduce sliding wear.